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1.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 28: e2791, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520263

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo identificar estudos a respeito dos parâmetros e dos tipos de avaliação utilizados para avaliar a disartria na esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Estratégia de pesquisa estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus e Cochrane, por meios dos descritores, em português e em inglês, "Avaliação AND Disartria AND Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica". Critérios de seleção os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos que abordavam estudos sobre avaliação da disartria na ELA, nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa, disponíveis na íntegra, no período de 2015 a 2022. Resultados do total de 38 estudos, apenas 3 usaram um único tipo de avaliação da disartria. A maior parte dos estudos utilizou mais de um tipo de avaliação variando de 2 a 4. Foram 3 os tipos de avaliação mais utilizados, com o intuito de avaliar o grau de inteligibilidade de fala: avaliação perceptivo-auditiva (31 estudos), avaliação acústica (18 estudos) e avaliação do movimento (27 estudos). Conclusão a avaliação da disartria na ELA é realizada por diferentes procedimentos e com vários parâmetros de análise, em especial pela avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e do movimento.


ABSTRACT Purpose to identify studies regarding the parameters and types of assessment used to evaluate dysarthria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Research strategy an integrative literature review study was conducted on the LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane databases using the descriptors "Assessment AND Dysarthria AND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" in both Portuguese and English. Selection criteria the inclusion criteria consisted of articles that addressed studies on dysarthria assessment in ALS, written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, which should be available in full, and published from 2015 to 2022. Results: out of the total of 38 studies, only 3 used a single type of dysarthria assessment. Most studies employed more than one type of assessment, ranging from 2 to 4 types. Three assessment types were predominantly used to assess the degree of speech intelligibility: auditoryperceptual assessment (31 studies), acoustic assessment (18 studies), and movement assessment (27 studies). Conclusion dysarthria assessment in ALS is conducted through various procedures and with multiple analysis parameters, notably through auditory-perceptual and movement assessments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Auditory Perception , Speech Acoustics , Speech Intelligibility , Speech Production Measurement , Early Diagnosis , Dysarthria , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 150(12): 1633-1646, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515394

ABSTRACT

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the motor system, resulting in progressive weakness and muscle wasting. Despite the tremendous advances in physiopathological and clinical characterization, we do not have a curative treatment yet. The progressive and fatal course of ALS makes its management particularly complex and challenging given the diversity of symptoms presenting during the disease progression. The main goal in the treatment of ALS patients is to minimize morbidity and maximize the quality of life. Currently, a series of therapeutic interventions improve the quality of life and prolong survival, including multidisciplinary care, respiratory management, and disease-modifying therapy. Within the supportive interventions, weight maintenance through nutritional and metabolic support is critical. In addition, the management of neuropsychiatric manifestations and preservation of communicative capacity before speech loss are also crucial. Lastly, early palliative care intervention is essential to optimize symptomatic management. Anticipatory guidelines to face the inevitable patient deterioration should be devised. This article updates the main therapeutic strategies used in these patients, including evolving clinical trials with promising novel therapies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/psychology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy , Palliative Care , Patient Care Team , Quality of Life , Disease Progression , Neurodegenerative Diseases
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 79(1): 81-83, Jan. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153147

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We present a historical review, highlighting the role of Professor Derek Denny-Brown and doctor Joseph Buford Pennybacker in the development of current electromyography (EMG), of the 80 years since the publication of his original report in 1938 on fasciculation and fibrillation potentials and the subsequent studies describing most of the electrical changes necessary to perform and interpret the EMG.


RESUMO Os autores apresentam uma revisão histórica destacando o papel do Professor Derek Denny-Brown e do doutor Joseph Buford Pennybacker no desenvolvimento da eletromiografia atual, ao longo dos oitenta anos de seu artigo original em 1938, sobre potenciais de fasciculação e fibrilação, e os estudos subsequentes que descreveram a maioria das mudanças elétricas necessárias para realizar e interpretar EMG.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Physicians , Electromyography/history , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Fasciculation/diagnosis
4.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 56(4): 17-23, out.-dez. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1140807

ABSTRACT

Motor neuron disease (MND) is a systemic disease with a broad clinical spectrum. It is characterized by primary involvement of the lower or upper motor neuron (UMN), or both, simultaneously, represented by the most common form, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is rapidly progressive and fatal disease that evolve to death due to respiratory failure, on average, in three to five years since the onset of symptoms. This fact attends to the early and correct diagnosis of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical, epidemiological and electrophysiological variables for the early diagnosis of ALS. METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive and retrospective study, conducted from the collect of the database, in which the variables were submitted to statistical analysis: Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: When correlating clinical, epidemiological and electrophysiological findings of patients with ALS and other forms of MND, the variables: age of onset of symptoms (P=0,02) hyperreflexia (P=0,001), presence of bulbar symptoms/signs (P<0,001), pathological reflexes (P=0.001), and presence of fasciculation in electromyography (P=0,001) presented statistical significance for the diagnosis of ALS. CONCLUSION: Despite the small sample size, the findings reinforce the importance of well- done neurological examination, to search for signs of involvement of the UMN, in the first evaluation of patients with suspected MND. And that more research is needed to better understand the different phenotypes of the disease in order to obtain an increasingly early diagnosis to offer improvements in the quality of life of these patients


A doença do neurônio motor (DNM) é uma doença sistêmica com amplo espectro clínico. É caracterizada pelo envolvimento primário do neurônio motor inferior ou superior (NMS), ou ambos, simultaneamente, representados pela forma mais comum de esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). A ELA é uma doença rapidamente progressiva e fatal que evolui para óbito devido à insuficiência respiratória, em média, em três a cinco anos desde o início dos sintomas. Esse fato atenta ao diagnóstico precoce e correto da doença. OBJETIVO: Avaliar variáveis clínicas, epidemiológicas e eletrofisiológicas para o diagnóstico precoce de ELA. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo, realizado a partir da coleta do banco de dados, no qual as variáveis foram submetidas a análises estatísticas: teste de Mann-Whitney e teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Ao correlacionar achados clínicos, epidemiológicos e eletrofisiológicos de pacientes com ELA e outras formas de DNM, as variáveis: idade de início dos sintomas (P=0,02) hiperreflexia (P=0,001), presença de sintomas/sinais bulbares (P<0,001), reflexos patológicos (P=0,001) e presença de fasciculação na eletromiografia (P=0,001) apresentaram significância estatística para o diagnóstico de ELA. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do pequeno tamanho da amostra, os achados reforçam a importância do exame neurológico bem feito, na busca de sinais de envolvimento da NMS, na primeira avaliação de pacientes com suspeita de DMN. E que são necessárias mais pesquisas para melhor entendimento dos diferentes fenótipos da doença, a fim de obter um diagnóstico cada vez mais precoce para oferecer melhorias na qualidade de vida desses pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/epidemiology , Neuromuscular Diseases/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Follow-Up Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Statistics, Nonparametric , Early Diagnosis , Electromyography , Observational Studies as Topic , Neurologic Examination/methods
5.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 71(6): 3063-3073, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-977606

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To review the contents of the nursing diagnosis of Impaired Verbal Communication in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Method: For the review of this diagnosis we used the integrative review. The 21 selected articles were submitted to a careful concept analysis for the definition of the diagnostic concept and review of its elements. Results: It is recommended, in addition to a new definition for the diagnosis of Impaired Verbal Communication, the incorporation of twelve Risk Factors, the maintenance of three others and the relocation of a Defining Characteristic for Risk Factor. It is also recommended the incorporation of nine Defining Characteristics and the modification of the nomenclature of the other three that already make up the NANDA-I. Conclusion: The content review process subsidized a clarification of the chosen concept, contributing to a future refinement and improvement of the study diagnosis and its components present in NANDA-I.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Revisar el contenido del diagnóstico de enfermería de Comunicación Verbal Prejudicada en pacientes con Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica. Método: Para la revisión de dicho diagnóstico, se utilizó la revisión integrativa. Los 21 artículos seleccionados fueron sometidos a un análisis de concepto criterio para la definición del concepto diagnóstico y revisión de sus elementos. Resultados: Se recomienda, además de una nueva definición para el diagnóstico de Comunicación Verbal Prejudicada, la incorporación de doce Factores Relacionados, el mantenimiento de otros tres y la reubicación de una Característica Definidora para Factor Relacionado. Se recomienda también la incorporación de nueve Características Definidoras y la modificación de la nomenclatura de otras tres que ya componen la NANDA-I. Conclusión: El proceso de revisión de contenido subsidió una clarificación del concepto escogido, contribuyendo para un futuro refinamiento y perfeccionamiento del diagnóstico en estudio y de sus componentes presentes en la NANDA-I.


RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar o conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem de Comunicação Verbal Prejudicada em pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica. Método: Para a revisão do referido diagnóstico, utilizou-se a revisão integrativa. Os 21 artigos selecionados foram submetidos a uma análise de conceito criteriosa para a definição do conceito diagnóstico e revisão de seus elementos. Resultados: Recomenda-se, além de uma nova definição para o diagnóstico de Comunicação Verbal Prejudicada, a incorporação de doze Fatores Relacionados, a manutenção de outros três e a realocação de uma Característica Definidora para Fator Relacionado. Recomenda-se também a incorporação de nove Características Definidoras e a modificação da nomenclatura de outras três que já compõem a NANDA-I. Conclusão: O processo de revisão de conteúdo subsidiou uma clarificação do conceito escolhido, contribuindo para um futuro refinamento e aprimoramento do diagnóstico em estudo e de seus componentes presentes na NANDA-I.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Diagnosis/standards , Clinical Competence/standards , Communication , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Nursing Diagnosis/methods , Risk Factors
6.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 54(3): 22-27, jul.-ago. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-948073

ABSTRACT

A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) esporádica é uma doença neurodegenerativa que acomete o neurônio motor. Sua etiologia ainda não foi totalmente esclarecida e é considerada multifatorial. O objetivo desse trabalho é fazer uma revisão narrativa sobre os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da ELA esporádica, com foco no papel da neuroinflamação, além de descrever estudos envolvendo a pesquisa de biomarcadores de diagnóstico e prognóstico. O processo de neuroinflamação na ELA é considerado secundário às alterações que levam à morte neuronal, podendo influenciar na taxa de progressão da doença. Existem diversos estudos sobre o perfil dos fatores inflamatórios na ELA, por vezes com resultados contraditórios, reforçando a dificuldade de análise desses fatores num organismo dinâmico. Ainda assim, no contexto da ELA, o estudo de possíveis biomarcadores diagnósticos e/ou prognósticos é válido e de grande interesse, pois permitiria um avanço nos ensaios clínicos que buscam novos tratamentos, bem como na condução e planejamento de cada caso.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor neuron. Its etiology has not been fully clarified and is considered multifactorial. The aim of this sudy is to perform a narrative review on the pathophysiological mechanisms of sporadic ALS, focusing on the role of neuroinflammation. It will also discuss studies investigating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Neuroinflammation in ALS is considered to be a secondary event, triggered by neuronal death, and it may influence disease progression. There are several studies on inflammatory factors in ALS, some with contradictory findings, reinforcing the difficulty of assessing these factors in a dynamic organism. Even so, in ALS context, the study of possible diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers is valid and of great interest. This may allow the advance of clinical trials that investigate new treatments, as well as the management of individual cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Inflammation/physiopathology , Biomarkers/blood , Longitudinal Studies , Inflammation Mediators , Disease Progression , Systematic Reviews as Topic
7.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 12(2): 21-25, 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1121210

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA), enfermedad neurodegenerativa que afecta motoneuronas superiores e inferiores. Con un tiempo promedio de confirmación diagnóstica de 15,6 meses y una supervivencia a 3 años del diagnóstico del 50%. Existe escaso conocimiento de sintomatología inicial, produciendo retraso diagnóstico. OBJETIVOS: Determinar el tiempo de confirmación diagnóstica en pacientes con ELA, del HCHM entre 2006-2018, Identificar síntomas iniciales, determinar tiempo de supervivencia global y por sexo. MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal descriptivo analítico del tiempo de diagnóstico; síntomas primarios: i)trastornos motores; ii)trastornos de lenguaje y/o deglución; iii) ambos; y supervivencia de pacientes con ELA del HCHM entre 2006-2018. RESULTADOS: Entre 2016-2018 se diagnosticaron 19 pacientes con ELA, 47% mujeres (9) y 53% hombres (10); edad promedio al diagnóstico de 61,44 y 59,30, respectivamente. El tiempo de confirmación diagnóstica en mujeres fue 17,56 (ES ± 0,71) semanas y en hombres 34,80 (ES ± 0,68) semanas. En mujeres la frecuencia de diagnósticos primarios: 78% trastornos motores; 11% trastornos de lenguaje y/o deglución; 11% ambos, en hombres: 30% trastornos motores; 20% trastornos de lenguaje y/o deglución; 50% ambos. La media de supervivencia global fue 6,5 años. CONCLUSIONES: Existe diferencia significativa entre síntomas iniciales y según sexo, con predominio motor en mujeres y mixto en hombres. No existen diferencias significativas en tiempos diagnósticos ni supervivencia en ambos grupos, se destaca que sobrevivió el 50% de mujeres a los 7,2 años y 50% de hombres a los 6,3 años. No se diferencia un perfil clínico inicial.


BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), neurodegenerative disease that affects the upper and lower motor neurons. With an average diagnostic confirmation time of 15,6 months and a 3-year survival from diagnosis of 50%. There is poor knowledge of initial symptoms, causing diagnostic delay. OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic confirmation time in patients with ALS of HCHM between 2006-2018, Identify initial symptoms, determine overall survival time and by sex. METHODS: Descriptive analytical longitudinal study of diagnosis time; primary symptoms: i) motor disorders; ii) language and / or swallowing disorders; and iii) both; and survival of patients with ALS from HCHM between 2006-2018. RESULTS: Between 2016-2018, 19 patients with ALS were diagnosed, 47% women (9) and 53% men (10); average age at diagnosis of 61.44 and 59.30, respectively. The diagnostic confirmation time in women was 17.56 (ES ± 0.71) weeks and in men 34.80 (ES ± 0.68) weeks. In women, the frequency of primary diagnoses: 78% motor disorders; 11% language and / or swallowing disorders; 11% both, in men: 30% motor disorders; 20% language and / or swallowing disorders; 50% both. The mean overall survival was 6.5 years. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference between initial symptoms and according to sex, with motor predominance in women and mixed in men. There are no significant differences in diagnostic times or survival in both groups, it is emphasized that 50% of women survived at 7.2 years and 50% of men at 6.3 years. An initial clinical profile is not differentiated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Survival Analysis , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Delayed Diagnosis
8.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(8): 515-522, Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888317

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the impact of epidemiological and clinical factors on the benefit of riluzole in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods The survival rate of 578 patients with ALS (1999-2011) was analyzed by descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier curves. Considering the median of the sample survival time (19 months), patients were divided in two groups: below (B19) and above the median (A19). Kaplan-Meier curves compared the survival rates of patients treated with riluzole and with patients who did not take the medication. Results Riluzole increased the survival rates of patients with lower limb onset who were diagnosed after the first appointment in B19. Patients with bulbar onset and diagnosed on the first, or after the first appointment showed higher survival rates in A19. Males lived longer than females in both groups. Conclusion Epidemiological and clinical factors influenced the benefit of riluzole in the survival rates of patients with ALS.


RESUMO Objetivo Investigar o impacto de fatores epidemiológicos e clínicos sobre o benefício do riluzole em pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Métodos A sobrevida de 578 pacientes com ELA (1999-2011) foi analisada por estatística descritiva e curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Considerando a mediana do tempo de sobrevida (19 meses), a amostra foi subdividida em dois grupos: sobrevida abaixo (B19) e acima de 19 meses (A19). As curvas de Kaplan-Meier compararam a sobrevida de pacientes tratados com riluzole e com pacientes que não receberam tratamento. Resultados O riluzole aumentou a sobrevida de pacientes com início nos membros inferiores e diagnosticados após a primeira consulta no grupo B19. Pacientes com início bulbar e diagnosticados na primeira/ após a primeira consulta apresentaram maior sobrevida em A19. Os homens apresentaram sobrevida maior do que as mulheres. Conclusão Foram encontradas diferenças epidemiológicas e clínicas no benefício do riluzole em pacientes com ELA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Riluzole/therapeutic use , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/mortality , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy , Bulbar Palsy, Progressive/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Survival Rate , Prospective Studies , Electromyography , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis
9.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 11(1): 40-44, jul. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869792

ABSTRACT

La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA), es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que deteriora gradualmente las motoneuronas. La corteza cerebral es una de las áreas más afectadas durante la evolución de la ELA, comprometiendo además, regiones del tronco encefálico y los núcleos basales. Los daños provocados por esta enfermedad, ocurren a nivel neuromotor y respiratorio, siendo ésta última, la causa de los decesos en pacientes que la padecen. La Calidad de Vida (CV), en las poblaciones con esta enfermedad, tiende a decrecer significativamente, y los métodos de diagnóstico y previsión son poco efectivos para detectar la ELA y abordarla eficazmente. Es necesaria una labor mancomunada e interdisciplinaria para conseguir mejorar el grado de CV en estospacientes y en sus cuidadores.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that gradually deteriorates motor neurons. The cerebral cortex is one of the most affected areas during the course of ALS committing regions of the brainstem and basal ganglia. The damage caused by this disease occurs on a neuromotor and respiratory level; being this the last cause of deaths in patients who have it. The Quality of Life (QoL) in populations with this disease tends to decrease significantly, and the methods of diagnosis and forecasting are ineffective when detecting ALS and address it effectively. More interdisciplinary studies need to be done in order to improve the degree of QoL in patients that have ALS and their caregivers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy , Motor Neurons , Neuropathology , Quality of Life
10.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 53(4): 286-293, dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772367

ABSTRACT

For a long time amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was seen as an exclusively motor disease, however, a lot of investigations have proved the existence of cognitive symptoms similar to frontotemporal dementia that could precede, coexist or appear after the motor symptoms. We report the case of a 69 years old hispanic man who consults about progressive swallowing impairments. In the speech languagepathologist assessment, we detected cognitive impairments that made necessary to complete the workout with specific test. The results of the assessment, shown disturbance in swallowing with suggestive symptomatology of motor neuron disease, besides cognitive impairments in executive functions, visuospatial abilities, memory, language and behaviors and conductual abnormalities. A few months after speech language pathologist assessment, the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was given. This case emphasize in the importance of a exhaustive anamnesis and clinical assessment, as well as early diagnosis focused on opportune interventions. Additionally, it’s important to note the need for professionals with update knowledge in neuropsychology, to support interventions.


Durante mucho tiempo se pensó que la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica era una enfermedad exclusivamente motora, sin embargo, diversos estudios han mostrado la existencia de síntomas cognitivos que pueden manifestarse antes, durante o después de los síntomas motores y que serían compatibles con una demencia frontotemporal. Se presenta un caso de un hombre de 69 años que consulta por dificultades de deglución de carácter progresivo. En la evaluación fonoaudiológica se pesquisan dificultades cognitivas, por lo cual se decide aplicar diversas pruebas con el objetivo de aclarar estas alteraciones. Los resultados de la evaluación revelan alteraciones a nivel de deglución, con sintomatologia sugerente de enfermedad de motoneurona, además de alteraciones cognitivas a nivel de funciones ejecutivas, habilidades visuoespaciales, memoria, lenguaje y alteraciones en conducta y comportamiento. En el transcurso de unos meses, posterior a la evaluación fonoaudiológica, se realiza el diagnóstico de esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. Se enfatiza en la importancia de la anamnesis y evaluación clínica, el diagnóstico precoz enfocado en la intervención oportuna y la relevancia de contar con profesionales competentes y capaces, con conocimientos sobre neuropsicología que puedan ser de apoyo para la intervención.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Frontotemporal Dementia/complications , Frontotemporal Dementia/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Hearing Tests , Neuropsychological Tests
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(7): 867-879, jul. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726178

ABSTRACT

Recent genetic and neuropathologic advances support the concept that frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are overlapping multisystem disorders. While 10-15% of ALS patients fulfil criteria for FTD, features of motor neuron disease appear in approximately 15% of FTD patients, during the evolution of the disease. This overlap has been reinforced by the discovery of Transactive Response DNA Binding Protein 43 kDa (TDP43) inclusions as the main neuropathologic finding in the majority of ALS cases and almost a half of FTD cases. Also, an expansion in the intron of C9ORF72 (chromosome 9p21) has been identified in families affected by ALS, ALS-FTD and FTD. This review provides an update on the recent genetic and neuropathologic findings of ALS and FTD and a characterization of their clinical presentation forms, based on the current diagnostic criteria. Finally it underscores the importance of having a national registry of patients with ALS and FTD, to provide an earlier diagnosis and a multidisciplinary care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Frontotemporal Dementia , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/psychology , DNA Repeat Expansion , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Frontotemporal Dementia/diagnosis , Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics , Frontotemporal Dementia/pathology , Frontotemporal Dementia/psychology , Genotype , Mutation
15.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 38(2): 94-98, dic. 2012. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716542

ABSTRACT

The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurological disorder, with the degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. The aim is investigate the start of the symptoms, describe the findings and study the survival period of patients with ALS. We analyzed 70 patients. The patients’ average age was 49.68 years old and we found 43 patients (61.4 percent) who were white, 22 who were grayish brown (31.4 percent) and 5 who were black (7.1 percent). Regarding the start of the symptoms, 51 patients (72.9 percent) showed a distal start, 31 a proximal one (44.3 percent) and 8 of them (11.4 percent) showed a bulbar start. The survival period, after de diagnosis, was of 64.11 months. The mean age, signs and symptoms and the patients’ survival period we found, are compatible with the ones found in the literature, except for the number of black patients, that was bigger in our survey.


A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma desordem neurológica com degeneração dos neurônios motores superiores e inferiores. Objetivo: investigar o inicio dos sintomas, descrever a evolução e os achados neurológicos e estudar a sobrevida dos pacientes com ELA. Método: Analisamos 70 pacientes entre 1996 e 2007, que preencheram os critérios propostos no El Escorial, sendo 52 do sexo masculino e 18 do sexo feminino. A média de idade dos pacientes era de 49,6857 anos, encontramos 43 (61,4 por cento) brancos, 22 (31,4 por cento) pardos e 5 (7,1 por cento) negros. Quanto ao inicio dos sintomas, 51 (72,9 por cento) dos pacientes apresentaram inicio distal, 31 (44,3 por cento) de forma proximal e 8 (11,4 por cento) de forma bulbar. Os sintomas mais comuns foram dos fraqueza muscular, atrofia muscular e miofasciculações presente em 69 (98,6 por cento) pacientes. A sobrevida após diagnóstico foi de 64,116 meses. Conclusão: A idade média, os sinais e sintomas e a sobrevida dos pacientes analisados são compatíveis com os encontrados na literatura, exceto pela quantidade de pacientes da raça negra, que foi maior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/epidemiology , Nervous System Diseases , Neuromuscular Diseases , Brazil , Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease , Diagnostic Imaging , Retrospective Studies
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 70(7): 532-539, July 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-642980

ABSTRACT

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord, brain regions in which conventional magnetic resonance imaging is often uninformative. Although the mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis is estimated to be about one year, the current criteria only prescribe magnetic resonance imaging to exclude "ALS mimic syndromes". Extensive application of non-conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the study of ALS has improved our understanding of the in vivo pathological mechanisms involved in the disease. These modern imaging techniques have recently been added to the list of potential ALS biomarkers to aid in both diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical applicability of the neuroimaging progress that has been made over the past two decades towards establishing suitable diagnostic tools for upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration in ALS.


A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa fatal que afeta os neurônios motores em regiões nas quais a ressonância magnética (RM) é frequentemente pouco informativa. Embora o tempo médio desde a manifestação inicial até o diagnóstico esteja em torno de um ano, os critérios atuais apenas recomendam o emprego da RM para excluir as "síndromes mimetizadoras da ELA". A maior aplicação da RM não convencional tem melhorado nossa compreensão sobre os mecanismos patológicos in vivo envolvidos na ELA. Estas modernas técnicas de imagem foram adicionadas à lista de potenciais biomarcadores da ELA, contribuindo para o diagnóstico e para a monitorização da progressão da doença. Esta é uma revisão detalhada da aplicabilidade clínica dos recentes avanços da neuroimagem, que visa apontar as ferramentas mais apropriadas para o diagnóstico da degeneração do neurônio motor superior (NMS).


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Motor Neuron Disease/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology , Biomarkers , Disease Progression , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Motor Neuron Disease/pathology , Motor Neurons/pathology , Sensitivity and Specificity
18.
J. health inform ; 3(1): 13-18, jan.-mar. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-586255

ABSTRACT

A avaliação do consumo alimentar tem um papel importante na área de Nutrição e Saúde. Para tanto, são necessários métodos apropriados para estimar a ingestão de alimentos e nutrientes. O mercado da informática vem desenvolvendo diversos programas computacionais especializados em nutrição clínica. No entanto, a escolha do programa mais adequado tem sido uma decisão difícil em função das características operacionais disponíveis em cada um. Este estudo objetivou comparar três programas computacionais (Dietwin® profissional, Dietpro® 5i e Avanutri® revolution) utilizados na análise química nutricional de dez Recordatórios Alimentares de 24 horas oriundos de pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica, atendidos no Hospital Universitário da UFRN. Não houve diferença estatística entre os programas computacionais, com relação à energia, macronutrientes e micronutrientes. Todavia, foram detectadas divergências entre as gramaturas estipuladas para medidas caseiras de alguns alimentos. Além disso, observou-se quantificação equivocada do teor de ferro e cobre em dois alimentos. Conclui-se que é preciso ter cautela na escolha de um programa computacional especializado em nutrição clínica, pois poderá superestimar ou subestimar valores de energia ou nutrientes numa dieta prescrita ou consumida. Em adição, cuidado especial deve ser dado à origem das informações que alimentam o banco de dados desses programas, devendo ser as mais fidedignas possíveis.


Food intake assessment has an important role in nutrition research and health. For this purpose, right methods are needed to estimate appropriate intake of food and nutrients. The informatics market has developed several specialized computer programs in clinical nutrition . However, choosing the most appropriate program has been a difficult decision due all of operational features available in each one. This study aimed to compare three computer programs (Dietwin ® professional DietPro ® 5i and Avanutri Revolution ®) used in chemical analysis of ten 24-hour food recall from ten Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients, attending in by specific Multidisciplinary Team at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. There was no statistical difference between the three computer programs related to energy, macronutrients and micronutrients. Despite this, some differences were detected like measure portion food sizes. Moreover, there was wrong quantification of iron and copper content in two foods. We conclude that care should be taken to choose a computer program in clinical nutrition, because it can overestimate or underestimate values of calories and nutrients in a specific diet. In addition, it is necessary to be especially careful in the information sources that will feed the database of these programs. They should be as reliable as possible.


La evaluación de la ingesta alimentaria tiene un papel importante en la investigación en nutrición y salud. Para evaluar la ingesta de alimentos de un individuo se requieren métodos adecuados para la estimación de la ingesta de alimentos y nutrientes. El mercado de la informática ha desarrollado varios programas informáticos especializados en nutrición clínica. Sin embargo, elegir el programa más apropiado ha sido una decisión difícil a la luz de las características disponibles operativo. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar los tres programas de ordenador (Dietwin ® profesional DietPro ® 5i y Avanutri Revolución ®) utilizados en el análisis químico de de recordatorios 24 h de pacientes con Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral. No hubo diferencia estadística entre los programas de ordenador, con respecto a la energía, macronutrientes y micronutrientes. Sin embargo, se detectaron diferencias entre los pesos fijados para tamaños de las porciones de algunos alimentos. Además, el contenido de hierro y el cobre se equivocaron en dos alimentos. El estudio demostró que se debe tener cuidado al elegir el mejor programa en la nutrición clínica, ya que puede sobreestimar o subestimar los valores de las calorías y nutrientes de una dieta prescrita o consumido. Además, la atención especial se debe dar a la fuente de la información introducida en la base de datos de estos programas debe ser lo más fiable posible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Composition , Eating , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Eating , Software , Medical Records
19.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(6): 837-842, Dec. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-571320

ABSTRACT

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder, compromising the motor neuron, characterized by progressive muscle weakness, with reserved prognosis. The diagnosis is based on inclusion and exclusion clinical criteria, since there is no specific confirmation test. The objective of this research is to critically examine the main diagnosis instrument - El Escorial revisited, from the World Federation of Neurology (1998). Of the 540 patients with initial ALS diagnosis, either probable or definite, seen at UNIFESP-EPM, 190 underwent thorough investigation, following regular clinical and therapeutic treatment for over two years. Thirty patients (15.78 percent) had their diagnosis completely changed. The false-positive diagnoses were related to: early age, clinical presentation of symmetry, weakness greater than atrophy, symptomatic exacerbation. In addition, three patients with myasthenia gravis developed framework for ALS, suggesting the post-synaptic disability as a sign of early disease.


Esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa, que compromete o neurônio motor, caracterizada por fraqueza muscular progressiva, com prognóstico reservado. O diagnóstico é baseado na inclusão e exclusão de critérios clínicos, uma vez que não existe um teste de confirmação específica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar criticamente o instrumento de diagnóstico principal - El Escorial revisited, da Federação Mundial de Neurologia (1998). Dos 540 pacientes com diagnóstico inicial de ELA, seja provável ou definitiva, vistos pela UNIFESP-EPM, 190 foram submetidos a investigação aprofundada, após tratamento clínico e terapêutico regular há mais de dois anos. Trinta pacientes (15,78 por cento) tiveram seu diagnóstico mudado completamente. Os diagnósticos falso-positivos foram relacionados à idade precoce, a apresentação clínica da simetria, a fraqueza superior a atrofia, exacerbação sintomática. Além disso, três pacientes com miastenia gravis desenvolveram quadro de ELA, sugerindo a lesão pós-sináptica como um sinal precoce da doença.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Electromyography , False Negative Reactions , Neurologic Examination
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